After 24, 48 and 72 h, in ants excludedants-excluded treatment, the highest aphid survival rate was obtained in the treatment with 1 L3CC and combination treatment (L3CC + L4CS), and the lowest survival rate was seen in treatments with 3 L4CS, 3 L3CC, and 1 L3CS. Moreover, when symbiotic ants were added to these treatments, the aphid survival rates were increased compared to the same treatments in the absence of antants for the same times (24time periods(24, 48 and 72 h).
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