Large numbernumbers of chronic diseases and some cancer types, whichthe incidence raisedof which has risen during the last few decades, are associated with environmental exposure, with specific time windows of susceptibility, such as intrauterine development, early childhood, pre-puberty, and puberty. Investigation of transplacental exposure effects is specifically challenging due to the complex interaction of mother, fetus and placental physiology and metabolism, which modify the final health effects of exposure. Thus, biomonitoring of newborns demands the application of several biomarkers and multiparameter analysis for informative interpretation of results and their application in preventive measures or possible need of specific health surveillance of newborns. Genotoxic and endocrine active xenobiotics are of greatest concern in case of transplacental exposure health risks. In healthy full.term newbornfull-term newborns, a recent study showed (Fucic et al, 2019, EUROTOX) the significance of residence, food and, dwelling, and final works such as painting on genome damage, cytokine disturbances, estrogen and testosterone levels. Increased incidence of preterm newborns, who are at higher risk for a number of diseases in adulthood, is also suggested to be a consequence of environmental factors. Additionally, significant modifiers of newborn health status are mother’s drugsdrug intake during pregnancy and diseases such as diabetes and obesity, whichthe incidence of which is also in anon the increase. Following the recent recommendation for reduction of environmental exposures, education and preventive measure programs should be redirected from the individual onto the family level for better efficacy.