SeveralThere are several barriers difficultto the dissemination of these new technologies in the market, such as the high vehicle´svehicles' high purchase price, lower degree of autonomy, and lack of fueling infrastructure. Even with a 60% decrease in fuel cell system (FCS) cost compared to 2006 [7], the purchase price of FCEVs is still much higher than the price of ICEVs and almost double the price of BEVs. In 2019, the purchase price of the Nissan Leaf (40 kWh) and the Hyundai Ioniq Electric ranges from $ 30,000 to $ 37,000 [8]. ToyotaThe Toyota Mirai, the most sellingbest-selling FCEV, costs $ 58,500 [9]. The DOE expects the cost of fuel cell system (FCS)FCSs to reach $ 40/kW by 2020 and $ 30 /kW by 2030 [10]. FCEV operating cost iscosts are also high due to the high cost of hydrogen ($ 15.79/kg) compared to gasoline and electricity costs [11].
Some papers show that the FCEV purchase price can be minimized through increasing the vehicle’svehicles' degree of hybridization (DOH) [12], [13]. The DOH is the ratio between the batterybattery's maximum power to the powertrainpowertrain's total power. Increasing the DOH improves the vehicle's fuel economy as well as its performance. By reducing the maximum power of the FCS, the vehicle purchase price decreases as well as the level of hydrogen consumption, which results in lower operating costs.